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Institute of Physics
Experimental Physics: Optics - Prof. Fedor Mitschke
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Data rates
Initially people tried to increase the data rate by ever shorter pulses in ever shorter succession. Today several data streams are transmitted simultaneously at several wavelengths ("WDM", wavelength division multiplex), resulting in an enormously increased data rate.
Due to the rapid development in the last years, optical solitons make it possible to transfer more and more bits per second through a single optical fiber. A brief survey of current results of international research is shown below. The figure shows that the value of 1 Tbit per second was exceeded in many cases. The distance over which this is possible is large enough to bridge the Atlantic or the Pacific Ocean. On shorter distances one even achieves about 10 Tbit/s.
References
| 1 | S. Aisawa, T. Sakamoto, M. Fukui, J. Kani, M. Jinno and K. Oguchi. |
| Ultra-wideband, long distance WDM demonstration of 1 Tbit/s (50x20 Gbit/s) 600 km transmission using 1550 and 1580 nm wavelength bands. Electronics Letters 34 (11) 1127-1128, May 1998. | |
| 2 | M. Nakazawa, K. Suzuki and H. Kubota. |
| Single-channel 80 Gbit/s soliton transmission over 10000 km using in-line synchronous modulation. Electronics Letters 35 (2) 162-164, Januay 1999. | |
| 3 | G. M. Carter, V. S. Grigoryan, R.-M. Mu, C. R. Menyuk, P. Sinha, T. F. Carruthers, M. L. Dennis and I. N. Duling. |
| Transmission of dispersion-managed solitons at 20 Gbit/s over 20000 km. Electronics Letters 35 (3) 233-234, February 1999. | |
| 4 | Tyco Telecommunications |
| Tyco Submarine Systems Ltd. demonstrates experimental transmission of 640 Gb/s over 7200 km on a single fiber. http://www.tycotelecom.com/aboutus/view.asp?id=174&type=Press Tyco Submarine Systems Ltd. press release on 24. February 1999 (640 Gbit/s over 7200km). see also: Photonics Spectra 35 (4) 48, 1999. | |
| 5 | C. D. Chen, J. Kim, O. Mizuhara, T. V. Nguyen, K. Ogawa, R. E. Tench, L. D. Tzeng and P. D. Yeates. |
| 40 Gbit/s x 25 ch (1 Tbit/s aggregate capacity) WDM transmission over 342 km of fibre. Electronics Letters 35 (8) 648-649, April 1999. | |
| 6 | S. B. Alleston, P. Harper, I. S. Penketh, I. Bennion, N. J. Doran and A. D. Ellis. |
| 1000 km transmission of 40 Gbit/s single channel RZ data over dispersion managed standard (non-dispersion shifted) fibre. Electronics Letters 35 (10) 823-824, May 1999. | |
| 7 | S. Kawanishi, H. Takara, K. Uchiyama, I. Shake and K. Mori. |
| 3 Tbit/s (160 Gbit/s x 19 channel) optical TDM and WDM transmission experiment. Electronics Letters 35 (10) 826-827, May 1999. | |
| 8 | C. Scheerer, C. Glingener, A. Färbert, J.-P. Elbers, A. Schöpflin, E. Gottwald and G. Fischer. |
| 3.2 Tbit/s (80 x 40 Gbit/s) bidirectional WDM/ETDM transmission over 40 km standard singlemode fiber. Electronics Letters 35 (20) 1752-1753, September 1999. | |
| 9 | Bell Labs |
| Bell Labs Scientists Demo First Long Distance Triple Terabit Transmission. Bell Labs, press release 16. March 2000 (3.28 Tbit/s over 300 km). http://www.bell-labs.com/news/2000/march/16/2.html | |
| 10 | Heinrich-Herz-Institut |
| Wissenschaftlern des Heinrich-Hertz-Instituts und der T-Nova gelingt es weltweit erstmals, eine Datenrate von 160 GBit/s (160 Milliarden Bits pro Sekunde) über eine verlegte Standard-Glasfaser der Deutschen Telekom zu übertragen Heinrich-Herz-Institut, press release October; 2000 (0.16 Tbit/s over 116 km). http://www.hhi.de/presse/2000/06Okt2000/06okt2000.html | |
| 11 | R. Ludwig, U. Feiste, S. Diez, C. Schubert, C. Schmidt, H. J. Ehrke and H. G. Weber. |
| Unrepeatered 160 Gbit/s RZ single-channel transmission over 160 km of standard fibre at 1550 nm with hybrid MZI optical demultiplexer Electronics Letters 36 (16) 1405-1406, August 2000. | |
| 12 | Siemens |
| Siemens sets new world record in optical data transmission: 7 Tbit/s over a single optical fiber Siemens, press release 4. October 2000 (7.04 TBit/s over 50 km). http://www.siemens.de/en2/html/press/press_release_archive/releases/2000100401e.html | |
| 13 | M. Nakazawa, T. Yamamoto and K. R. Tamura. |
| 1.28 Tbit/s-70km OTDM transmission using third- and fourth-order simultaneous dispersion compensation with a phase modulator. Electronics Letters 36 (24) 2027-2029, November 2000. | |
| 14 | Nortel Networks |
| 1.28 Tbit/s (32 x 40 Gbit/s) transmission over 1000 km with only 6 spans. Nortel Networks, press release March 2001. http://www.nortelnetworks.com/products/collateral/pdf/ofc2001-21.pdf | |
| 15 | NEC Corporation |
| NEC sets new 10.9 TeraBit/second, ultra-dense WDM transmission capacity world record. NEC, Press release 22. March 2001 (10.9 TBit/s over 117 km). http://www.nec.co.jp/english/today/newsrel/0103/2201.html | |
| 16 | B. Zhu, L. Leng, L. E. Nelson, Y. Qian, L. Cowsar, S. Stulz, C. Doerr, L. Stulz, S. Chandrasekhar, S. Radic, D. Vengsarkar, Z. Chen, J. Park, K. S. Feder, H. Thiele, J. Bromage, L. Gruner-Nielsen and S. Knudsen. |
| 3.08 Tbit/s (77 x 42.7 Gbit/s) WDM transmission over 1200 km fiber with 100 km repeater spacing using dual C- and L-Band hybrid Raman / erbium-doped inline amplifiers Electronics Letters 37 (13) 844, June 2001. | |
| 17 | W. S. Lee, V. Zhu, B. Shaw, D. Watley, C. Scahill, J. Homan, C. R. S. Fludger, M. Jones and A. Hadjifotiou. |
| 2.56 Tbit/s (32 x 80 Gbit/s) polarisation-bit-interleaved transmission over 120 km NDSF with 0.8 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency Electronics Letters 37 (15) 964-965, July 2001. | |
| 18 | Fujitsu |
| Fujitsu Successfully Demonstrates Technology Enabling Optical Wavelength Division Multiplexed Communication Over 7400 km at 2.4 Terabits/Second. Fujitsu, press release 4. October 2001 (2.4 Tbit/s over 7400 km). http://pr.fujitsu.com/en/news/2001/10/24-1.html | |
| 19 | L. du Mouza, G. Le Meur, H. Mardoyan, E. Seve, S. Cussat-Blanc, D. Hamoir, C. Martinelli, D. Bayart and F. Raineri. |
| 1.28 Tbit/s (32 x 40 Gbit/s) WDM transmission over 2400 km of TeraLightTM-Reverse TeraLigth(C) fibers using distributed all-Raman amplification. Electronics Letters 37 (21) 1300-1302, October 2001. | |
| 20 | Alcatel |
| Alcatel Breaks Another World Record in Long-haul Submarine Optical Transmission Alcatel, press release 29. November 2001 (3.65 Tbit/s over 6850 km). http://www.home.alcatel.com/vpr/archive.nsf/DateKey/29112001uk | |
| 21 | Alcatel |
| Alcatel Extends Distance for DWDM Optical Terrestrial Transmission with New World Record. Alcatel, press release 8. January 2002 (5 Tbit/s over 1500 km). http://www.home.alcatel.com/vpr/archive.nsf/DateKey/08012002_1uk | |
| 22 | Lucent Technologies |
| Lucent Technologies' Bell Labs scientists set new fiber optic transmission record. Lucent, press release 22. March 2002 (2.56 Tbit/s over 4000 km). http://www.lucent.com/press/0302/020322.bla.html | |
| 23 | Y. Yamada, S.-I. Nakagawa,Y. Kurosawa, T. Kawazawa, H. Taga and K. Goto. |
| 2 Tbit/s (200 x 10 Gbit/s) over 9240 km transmission experiment with 0.15 nm channel spacing using VSB format. Electronics Letters 38 (7) 328-330, March 2002. | |
| 24 | Mitsubishi Electric |
| Transmission of 1.3 Terabit/Second Optical Signals over 8,400 km. Mitsubishi Electric, press release 2002. http://www.mitsubishielectric.com/news/sc/rd_5_1_b.html | |
| 25 | Agere |
| 3.2 Tbit/s (40 x 80 Gb/s) transmission over 1000 km with 10 km span (25dB loss) and 0.8 bit/s/Hz of spectral efficiency. www.fibers.org, 22 June 2002 http://www.fibers.org/whitepapers/pdfs/Agere1.pdf | |
| 26 | T. Matsuda, T. Kotanigawa, A. Naka and T. Imai. |
| 62 x 42.7 Gbit/s (2.5 Tbit/s) WDM signal transmission over 2200 km with broadband distributed Raman amplification Electronics Letters 38 (15) 818, July 2002. | |
| 27 | T. Mizuochi, K. Ishida, K. Kinjo, T. Kobayashi, S. Kajiya, K. Shimizu, T. Tokura, K. Motoshima and K. Kasahara. |
| 1.7 Tbit/s (85 x 22.8 Gbit/s) transmission over 9180 km using symmetrically collided transmission methodology. Electronics Letters 38 (21) 1264-1265, October 2002. | |
| 28 | Marconi |
| World's Longest High-Speed Fibre Optic Communications Link Begins Transmission. Marconi, press release 19. December 2002 (1.6 Tbit/s over 3000 km). http://www.marconi.com/Home/press_office/News& Events/News Archive/2002/December/ World's Longest High-Speed Fibre Optic Communications Link Begins Transmission | |
| 29 | M. Sauer, J. E. Hurley, S. Ten, J. J. Ferner and S. P. Colby. |
| 1.6 Tbit/s (40 x 40 Gbit/s) transmission over 2160 km of field-deployed dispersion-managed fibre without per channel dispersion compensation. Electronics Letters 39 (9) 728, May 2003. | |
| 30 | J. Fatome, S. Pitois, P. Tchofo Dinda and G. Millot. |
| Experimental demonstration of 160-GHz densely dispersion-managed soliton transmission in a single channel over 896 km of commercial fibers. Optics Express 11 (13) 1553-1558, June 2003. | |
| 31 | L. F. Mollenauer, A. Grant, X. Liu, X. Wei, C. Xie and I. Kang. |
| Experimental test of dense wavelength-division multiplexing using novel, periodic-group-delay-complemented dispersion compensation and dispersion-managed solitons. Optics Letters 28 (21) 2043-2045, November 2003. | |
| 32 | T. Tsuritani, K. Ishida, A. Agata, K. Shimomura, I. Morita, T. Tokura, H. Taga, T. Mizuochi, N. Edagawa and S. Akiba. |
| 70-GHz-Spaced 40 x 42 Gb/s Transpacific Transmission Over 9400 km Using Prefiltered CSRZ-DPSK Signals, All-Raman Repeaters, and Symmetrically Dispersion-Managed Fiber Spans. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 22, (1), 215-224 January 2005. | |
| 33 | J.-X. Cai, D. G. Foursa, L.Liu, C. R. Davidson,Y. Cai,W. W. Patterson, A. J. Lucero, B. Bakhshi,G. Mohs, P. C. Corbett, V. Gupta,W. Anderson, M. Vaa, G. Domagala, M. Mazurczyk, H. Li, S. Jiang, M. Nissov, A. N. Pilipetskii and N. S. Bergano. |
| RZ-DPSK field trial over 13100 km of installed non-slope-matched submarine fibers. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 23, (1), 95 January 2005. | |
| 34 | G. Charlet, E. Corbel, J. Lazaro, A. Klekamp, R. Dischler, P. Tran, W. Idler, H. Mardoyan, A. Konczykowska, F. Jorge, and S. Bigo |
| WDM Transmission at 6-Tbit/s Capacity Over Transatlantic Distance, Using 42.7-Gb/s Differential Phase-Shift Keying Without Pulse CarverRZ DPSK field trial over 13100 km of installed non-slope-matched submarine fibers. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 23, (1), 104 January 2005. | |
| 35 | N. Yoshikane and I. Morita. |
| 1.14 b/s/Hz Spectrally Efficient 50 x 85.4-Gb/s Transmission Over 300 km Using Copolarized RZ-DQPSK Signals. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 23, (1), 108-114 January 2005. | |
| 36 | S. Bhandare, D. Sandel, B. Milivojevic, A. Hidayat, A. Fauzi, H. Zhang, S. K. Ibrahim, F. Wüst and R. Noe. |
| 5.94 Tbit/s, 1.49 bit/s/Hz (40 x 2 x 2 x 40 Gbit/s) RZ-DQPSK polarization division multiplex C-band transmission over 324 km. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 17, (4) 914-916, April 2005. | |
| 37 | H. G. Weber, S. Ferber, M. Kroh, C. Schmidt-Langhorst, R. Ludwig, V. Marembert, C. Boerner, F. Futami, S. Watanabe and C. Schubert |
| Single channel 1.28 Tbit/s and 2.56 Tbit/s DQPSK transmission Electronics Letters 42 (3) 178-179, February 2006. | |
| 38 | Heinrich-Herz-Institut |
| Weltrekord im Glasfasernetz Heinrich-Herz-Institut, press release May; 2006 (2.56 Tbit/s over 160 km). http://www.fraunhofer.de/fhg/press/pi/2006/03/Mediendienst32006Thema2.jsp | |
| 39 | Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation |
| 14 Tbps over a Single Optical Fiber: Successful Demonstration of World's Largest Capacity Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, press release September 2006 (14 Tbit/s over 160 km). http://www.ntt.co.jp/news/news06e/0609/060929a.html | |
| 40 | Alcatel-Lucent |
| Alcatel-Lucent achieves a world record 25.6 Terabit/s optical transmission Alcatel-Lucent, press release March 2007 (25.6 Tbit/s over 240 km). http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/wps/portal/!ut/p/kcxml/04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLd4w3cQ7SL8h2VAQAu32oaA!!?LMSG_CABINET=Docs_and_Resource_Ctr&LMSG_CONTENT_FILE=News_Releases_2007/News_Article_000199 | |
| 41 | A. H. Gnauck, G. Charlet, P. Tan, P. J. Winzer, C. R. Doerr, J. C. Centanni, E. C. Burrows, T. Kawanishi, T. Sakamoto and K. Higuma. |
| 25.6-Tb/s WDM Transmission of Polarization-Multiplexed RZ-DQPSK Signals. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 26, (1), 79-84 January 2008. | |
| 42 | G. Charlet, J. Renaudier, H. Mardoyan, P. Tran, O. B. Pardo, F. Verluise, M. Achouche, A. Boutin, F. Blache, J.-Y. Dupuy, and S. Bigo. |
| Transmission of 16.4-Tbit/s capacity over 2550 km using PDM QPSK modulation format and coherent receiver. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 27, (1), 153-157 February 2009. | |
| 43 | AT&T |
| AT&T, NEC, and Corning Researchers Complete another Record- Breaking Fiber Capacity Test Alcatel-Lucent, press release May 2009 (32 Tbit/s over 580 km). http://www.att.com/gen/press-room?pid=4800&cdvn=news&newsarticleid=26805 |
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